英文版圣经难度词汇学习——创世纪1-5章

选词原则:

l 以NIV为底本,避免选词过难;

l 大学英语六级以下常见词汇不选;

l 主要选择动词、抽象名词、形容词、副词等;

l 单词难度在六级以下,但在《圣经》中会用到一些特别义项或用法,也会选择;

 

hover vi 盘旋;徘徊;处于不稳定状态

GEN1:2 the spirit of God was hovering over the waters.

Hover的基本词义为“盘旋”,如上述引用句子中即为此意:神的灵盘旋在水面上。

又如: Beautiful butterflies hovered above the wild flowers.
美丽的蝴蝶在野花上方盘旋。

引申含义1:徘徊:He hovered nervously in the doorway. 他在门口紧张地来回踱步。

引申含义2:(事物、数据)逗留、处于不稳定状态:Temperatures hovered around freezing. 气温在冰点上下徘徊。

特别说明,hover本为较生僻词汇,但因见于圣经第一段,被西方人士熟知,所以常会被使用。

练习:3月份,上证指数在3500点上下浮动。

In March, Shanghai composite index hovered around 3,500 points.

提示,如果此处不用hover,如何翻译呢?

我儿子的成绩在前五名左右徘徊。

My son’s grade hovered around the top five.

 

vault n vi/vt 穹隆,地下室、保险库,墓穴,撑杆跳

GEN1:6-7 And God said, “Let there be a vault between the waters to separate water from water.” So God made the vault and separated the water under the vault from the water above it. And it was so. God called the vault “sky.” 在诸水之间要有穹窿,将水与水分开。上帝就造穹窿,把水用穹窿分开了。事情就这样成了。上帝称这个穹窿为“天空”。

Vault的难度等级为六级以上,除了用作“穹隆”很常用外,它还引申为穹隆形的地下室、(银行)保险库、墓穴等。进一步引申为“撑杆跳、支撑跳”之意,因为这种跳跃会形成穹隆形的轨迹。

举例:

Pole vault,撑杆跳。

He ordered that Matilda’s body should be buried in the family vault. 他下令将玛蒂尔达的尸体葬在家族的墓穴里。

 

teem vi 挤满,倾注

Gen1:20 And god said,“Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the vault of the sky.” 神说: “水要多多滋生有生命的物;要有雀鸟飞在地面以上,天空之中。

Teem 是六级词汇,不及物动词,常与with连用。

For most of the year, the area is teeming with tourists.
一年的大部分时间里这个地方都挤满了游客。

It was teeming with rain. 大雨如注。

练习:

春节,白云山挤满了人。

During Spring Festival, Baiyun Mountain is teeming with people.

 

subdue vt制服,克制

Gen1:28 fill the earth and subdue it. 充满这地,征服它。

Subdue的难度等级在六级以上。它有一个最基本的词义,就是用在这里的“制服、征服”,如:

Troops were called in to subdue the rebels. 军队被调来镇压反叛者。

还有一个引申含义“克制、抑制、压制”,如:

It is another law of nature that only a habit can subdue another habit.

这是另一条自然法则,只有一种习惯才能抑制另一种习惯。

He forced himself to subdue and overcome his fears.

他强迫自己克制并战胜他的恐惧。

记忆:sub-(below下)+due, duc, duct (to draw拉),to draw from below, to draw down 从下面拉,向下拉>>制服、克制、抑制

练习:延迟满足意味着暂时克制自己的欲望。

Delayed gratification means to subdue your desire temporarily.

 

vast adj&n.广阔的(空间) ,大量的

GEN2:1 Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array. 这样,天地万物都造齐了。

此为四级词汇,但在口语中很少使用,反而在文学作品中常常见到。

a vast area of forest 莽莽苍苍的森林,

a vast crowd 一大群人

In the vast majority of cases, this should not be a problem. 在绝大多数情况下,这应该不成问题。

练习:

苍茫的宇宙

The vast universe

怅寥廓,问苍茫大地,谁主沉浮?

Take a melancholy look at the vast universe, ask the boundless land, who is the master of ups and downs?

 

account n.账户,客户,账目,报道,据说……

GEN2:4 This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created. 天地被造之时的来历,乃是这样。

Account是我们在中学就学会的简单词汇,但是一般我们只知道“账户、客户、账目”等含义,而在《圣经》中,account常做“传说、据说”之意。另外,我们还常在《圣经》中看到on someone’ s account (因某人的缘故)的用法。

Don't leave on my account.
不要因为我而离开。

练习:

不要因某人而信主,也不要因某人而不信主。

Don’t believe in God on someone’s account, and neither disbelieve in God on someone’s account.

 

aromatic adj.芳香的

GEN2:12 (The gold of that land is good; aromatic resin and onyx are also there.) 那地的金子是好的。芳香树脂和玛瑙也在那里。

Resin n. z树脂

Onyx. 缟玛瑙(玛瑙agate的一种)

 

serpent n.大蛇、毒蛇

GEN3:1 Now the serpent was more crafty than any of the wild animals the LORD God had made. 耶和华神所造的,惟有蛇比一切野兽更狡猾。

Snake是蛇的统称,但我们仍需知道serpent是大蛇、毒蛇之意,这是6级以上词汇。

 

toil vt/vi/n. 辛苦工作

GEN3:17 through painful toil you will eat of it all the days of your life.你必终生劳苦,才能从地里得到食物

六级以上词汇

a life of hardship and toil 艰难劳苦的一生

 

cherub n. 小天使、基路伯 pl. cherubim.

GEN3:24 he placed on the east side of the Garden of Eden cherubim and a flaming sword flashing back and forth to guard the way to the tree of life. 神派基路伯在伊甸园的东边,拿着旋转发火焰的剑,把守到生命树去的路。

八级词汇,作为基督徒不得不记的词汇。

The child is as sweet as a cherub, innocent, pure, knowing no evil.

这孩子可爱得像小天使一样、天真纯洁,还不知道任何邪恶。

 

downcast adj.情绪低落的

GEN4:5 So Cain was very angry, and his face was downcast. 该隐就非常忿怒,垂头丧气。

六级以上词汇,很好记。

A group of downcast men stood waiting for food. 一群人垂头丧气地站在那儿等着吃饭。练习:

她低垂双眼,不停地吃。

Eyes downcast, she continued eating.

 

crouch v/n. 蹲伏

If you do what is right, will you not be accepted? But if you do not do what is right, sin is crouching at your door; it desires to have you, but you must master it."你若行得好,岂不蒙悦纳?你若行得不好,罪就伏在门口了;它要缠住你,你却要制伏它。”

Crouch,六级以上词汇。注意有个单词Squat也是蹲下、蹲坐之一。两者意思稍有区别,crouch蹲伏,很可能趴着,squat蹲坐,亚洲蹲多用squat.

Albert squatted down and examined it.
阿尔伯特蹲下仔细查看它。

练习:

他蹲下来系鞋带。

He crouched down to tie his shoelaces.

英文版圣经难度词汇学习——创世纪1-5章

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